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Marvel Science Stories
''Marvel Science Stories'' was a U.S. pulp magazine which published a total of fifteen issues in two separate runs, both edited by Robert O. Erisman. The publisher for the first run was Postal Publications, and the second run was published by Western Publishing; both companies were owned by Abraham and Martin Goodman. It appeared in August 1938, and carried stories with more sexual content than was usual for the genre, including several stories by Henry Kuttner, under his own name and also under pseudonyms. Reader reaction was generally negative, with one reader referring to Kuttner's story "The Time Trap" as "trash". The magazine was cancelled after the April 1941 issue, but when a boom in science fiction magazines began in 1950, the publishers revived it. The first issue of the new series was dated November 1950; a further six issues appeared, with the last issue dated May 1952. In addition to Kuttner, contributors to the first run included Arthur J. Burks and Jack Williamson; the second run published stories by Arthur C. Clarke, Isaac Asimov, Jack Vance and L. Sprague de Camp, among others. The quality of the second incarnation of the magazine was better than the first, but it was unable to compete with the new, higher-quality magazines that had appeared since the magazine's first series.
==Publication history==
Although science fiction (sf) had been published before the 1920s, it did not begin to coalesce into a separately marketed genre until the appearance in 1926 of ''Amazing Stories'', a pulp magazine published by Hugo Gernsback.〔Edwards & Nicholls (1992), pp. 1066–1068.〕 After 1931, when ''Miracle Science and Fantasy Stories'' was launched, no new science fiction magazines appeared for several years. In 1936 Abraham and Martin Goodman, two brothers who owned a publishing company with multiple imprints, launched ''Ka-Zar'', an imitation Tarzan magazine with some borderline sf content.〔Ashley (2000), p. 98.〕 It lasted for three issues, with the last issue dated January 1937.〔Marchesani (1985), pp. 398–401.〕 In addition to this marginal science fiction magazine, in 1937 the Goodmans began publishing several "weird-menace" pulps. These were a genre of pulp magazine known for incorporating "sex and sadism", with story lines that placed women in danger, usually because of a threat that appeared to be supernatural but was ultimately revealed to be the work of a human villain. The Goodmans' titles were ''Detective Short Stories'', launched in August 1937, and ''Mystery Tales'', which published its first issue in March 1938. These were followed up by ''Marvel Science Stories'', edited by Robert O. Erisman, which was not intended to be a weird-menace pulp, but an sf magazine. The influence of the "sex and sadism" side of the Goodman's portfolio of magazines was apparent, however: authors were sometimes asked to add more sex to their stories than was usual in the science fiction field at the time.〔Ashley (2000), pp. 120−123.〕
The first issue contained "Survival" by Arthur J. Burks as the lead novel; this was well received by the readers, and was free of any taint of sex. The first couple of issues contained several stories that did little to offend readers, but they also contained two stories by Henry Kuttner, who was selling regularly to the Goodman's other publications. Erisman and the Goodmans had asked Kuttner to spice up his submissions to ''Marvel Science Stories''. He obliged with "Avengers of Space" in the first issue, which included "scenes of aliens lusting after unclothed Earth women", in the words of sf historian Mike Ashley; and "The Time Trap" in the second issue. Reader reaction was strongly negative: a typical letter, from William Hamling, later to become a publisher and editor of science fiction magazines in his own right, commented, "I was just about to write you a letter of complete congratulations when my eyes fell upon Kuttner's "The Time Trap". All I can say is: PLEASE, in the future, dislodge such trash from your magazine". In addition to these two stories published under Kuttner's name, there were two more stories in the same two issues by him under pseudonyms which were equally offensive to readers such as Hamling.〔
After five issues, the title was changed to ''Marvel Tales''; at the same time the number of stories advertised as "passionate" or containing "sin-lost" or "lust-crazed" characters sharply increased. Though some of the stories contained little to match the titillating blurbs, there were some that did, with "women entrapped, burned and otherwise maltreated, and whips cracking into use with uninventive frequency", according to sf historian Joseph Marchesani.〔 The magazine ceased publication with the April 1941 issue, but in 1950 the Goodmans saw an opportunity to revive it when a new boom in science fiction magazines got under way. Erisman was still working for the Goodmans, and was listed as editorial director of the new version of the magazine, but much of the editorial work was done by Daniel Keyes, who was credited as "Editorial Associate" on the 1951 issues. The first issue of the new incarnation of ''Marvel Science Stories'' was dated November 1950. After two issues Erisman switched the magazine to a digest format, but the final issue, dated May 1952, was once again a pulp.〔 The post-war issues contained stories by well-known writers, including Arthur C. Clarke, Isaac Asimov, Richard Matheson, William Tenn, Jack Vance, and Lester del Rey, but the stories were of only average quality. Erisman and Keyes were able to improve on the material published in the pre-war ''Marvel Tales'', but the field had grown more sophisticated since those days, and the writers who sold to ''Marvel Tales'' were now publishing their best work elsewhere.〔〔Ashley (2005), p. 42.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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